Advanced command reference for Linux. We assume you already know basic commands such as ls, pwd, mkdir, gzip, etc. Here are some useful additions which you may not already know.
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DNS (Domain Name Service)
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| host string |
Perform forward or reverse lookup on string |
| dig @nameserver string |
Lookup string's host info from nameserver |
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File Manipulation
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| find . -type f -exec grep -l string {} \; -exec mv {} /path \; |
Move all files containing string to /path |
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System Hardware Information
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| grep -i memtotal /proc/meminfo |
Find total amount of RAM in the system |
| dmidecode -q |
Display DMI/SMBIOS information |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo |
Display CPU information |
| egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo |
See if a processor supports hardware virtualization |
| lspci -tv |
Display PCI information |
| lsusb -tv |
Display USB information |
| hdparm -i /dev/sda |
Display disk information for sda |
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Quick HTML Editing Site Wide
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| find . -type f -print -exec sed -i -e 's|X|Y|g' {} \; |
Replace all X's with Y's in all files this directory and below. |
| perl -pi -w -e 's/X/Y/g;' *.txt |
Replace all X's with Y's in all files ending with *.txt |
| find -name '*' | xargs grep 'string' |
Print filename and all lines containing 'string' |
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SSH (Secure Shell)
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| scp -p -r [USER]@[HOST]:file /dir |
Recursively copy while preserving permissions |
| ssh-copy-id [USER]@[HOST] |
Install public key for trusted login on HOST |
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Troubleshooting
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| ps -auxf |
Full process list with Child Process Tree |
| netstat -tup |
List all active network connections and state |
| lsof -i :80 |
Show information related to http (port 80) connections |
| lsof -u userid |
List open files by a particular userid |
| iftop |
List active network connections consuming bandwidth |
| apachetop -f logfile |
Top for Apache webserver |
| iptraf |
Monitor IP Traffic |
| htop |
Like top, but with an h |
| mtr |
My Traceroute - An improved traceroute |
| multitail |
Tail mutiple files at the same time |
| siege |
A http/web stress test utility |
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Samba / Windows File Sharing
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| smbtree |
Scan local network for windows shares |
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Isolate DoS (Denial of Service) Attacks with netstat
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| netstat -an | grep :80 | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |
| netstat -anp | grep 'tcp\|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |
| netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |
| netstat -ntu | grep -v TIME_WAIT | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |
| netstat -n --tcp --udp --numeric-hosts | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{if (/(tcp|udp)/) { print $5 }}' | sed 's/:.*//' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | awk '{if ($1 > 20) {print "Count: "$1"\t"$2; }}' |
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Bit Torrent Clients
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| rtorrent |
Bit Torrent Client |
| aria2 |
Bit Torrent Client |